![]() These types of straightforward decisions are termed programmed decisions, or decisions that occur frequently enough that we develop an automated response to them. You probably do not spend much time on these mundane decisions. For example, before you come to class, you make simple and habitual decisions such as what to wear, what to eat, and which route to take as you go to and from home and school. This is a dangerous mistake.” Peter Druckerĭespite the far-reaching nature of the decisions in the previous example, not all decisions have major consequences or even require a lot of thought. “Most discussions of decision making assume that only senior executives make decisions or that only senior executives’ decisions matter. All parties involved in such outcomes made a decision, and everyone is now living with the consequences of those decisions. ![]() Similarly, the decision made by firms to trade in mortgage-backed securities is having negative consequences for the entire economy in the United States. But Sherron Watkins, a former Enron employee and now-famous whistleblower, uncovered the accounting problems and tried to enact change. For example, the decisions made by executives and consulting firms for Enron ultimately resulted in a $60 billion loss for investors, thousands of employees without jobs, and the loss of all employee retirement funds. These decisions may affect the lives of others and change the course of an organization. Individuals throughout organizations use the information they gather to make a wide range of decisions. This chapter will help you understand how to make decisions alone or in a group while avoiding common decision-making pitfalls. Therefore, increasing effectiveness in decision making is an important part of maximizing your effectiveness at work. While it can be argued that management is decision making, half of the decisions made by managers within organizations ultimately fail. Decision making refers to making choices among alternative courses of action-which may also include inaction.
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